O bisfenol A, composto utilizado na produção de plástico, já foi relacionado com o cancro, obesidade, problemas reprodutivos, diabetes, doenças hepáticas e cardiovasculares. Por isto, alguns países estão a proibir o seu uso vários objectos de plástico, incluindo em biberãos e chupetas (Segundo o Parlamento Europeu).O problema é que diversas outras embalagens como garrafas de refrigerantes, utensílios como colheres e conchas de plástico, filmes plásticos para embalar alimentos e recipientes tipo tupperware. O uso do bisfenol nos plásticos os tornam mais resistentes à lesões, arranhões e até a aquecimentos. O problema é que desde 2007 foi comprovado que o composto é absorvido pelo organismo, indo entrar para a nossa corrente sanguínea.
Como evitar?
- Evite aquecer os plásticos pois isto facilita a passagem do bisfenol para os alimentos. Ou seja, nada de colheres e conchas de plástico dentro da panela e nada de potes de plástico no microondas!
- Não cubra os alimentos com filmes plásticos ou tente que o mesmo não toque o alimento. Uma alternativa é substituir os filmes por papel manteiga.
- Gradualmente, vá substituindo as embalagens, potes plásticos e garrafas de sua casa por objectos de vidro temperado.
“Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration with Heart Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2003/06” está disponível para acesso integral, no formato HTML. Para aceder ao artigo completo clique aqui.
Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration with Heart Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2003/06
David Melzer1*, Neil E. Rice1, Ceri Lewis2, William E. Henley3, Tamara S. Galloway2
1 Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, 2 School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, 3 School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
Abstract
Background
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical widely used in food and drinks packaging. Associations have previously been reported between urinary BPA concentrations and heart disease, diabetes and liver enzymes in adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003/04. We aimed to estimate associations between urinary BPA concentrations and health measures in NHANES 2005/06 and in data pooled across collection years.
Methodology and Findings
A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES: subjects were n = 1455 (2003/04) and n = 1493 (2005/06) adults aged 18–74 years, representative of the general adult population of the United States. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, BMI, waist circumference, and urinary creatinine concentration. Main outcomes were reported diagnoses of heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina and diabetes and serum liver enzyme levels. Urinary BPA concentrations in 2005/06 (geometric mean 1.79 ng/ml, 95% CI: 1.64 to 1.96) were lower than in 2003/04 (2.49 ng/ml, CI: 2.20 to 2.83, difference p-value = 0.00002). Higher BPA concentrations were associated with coronary heart disease in 2005/06 (OR per z-score increase in BPA = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.75, p = 0.043) and in pooled data (OR = 1.42, CI: 1.17 to 1.72, p = 0.001). Associations with diabetes did not reach significance in 2005/06, but pooled estimates remained significant (OR = 1.24, CI: 1.10 to 1.40, p = 0.001). There was no overall association with gamma glutamyl transferase concentrations, but pooled associations with alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase remained significant.Conclusions
Higher BPA exposure, reflected in higher urinary concentrations of BPA, is consistently associated with reported heart disease in the general adult population of the USA. Studies to clarify the mechanisms of these associations are urgently needed.
Citation: Melzer D, Rice NE, Lewis C, Henley WE, Galloway TS (2010) Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration with Heart Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2003/06. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8673. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008673
Editor: Baohong Zhang, East Carolina University, United States of America
Received: September 24, 2009; Accepted: December 3, 2009; Published: January 13, 2010
Copyright: © 2010 Melzer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was funded internally by the Peninsula Medical School. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: david.melzer{at}pms.ac.uk
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Veja aqui a notícia do DN no dia 17 de Abril de 2008
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